The chiropractic profession holds that spinal or vertebral dysfunction alters many important body functions by affecting the nervous system, and that skeletal imbalance through joint or articular dysfunction - especially in the spine - can cause pain and/or dysfunction.

As with all healthcare practitioners, chiropractors follow a standard routine to secure the information needed for diagnosis and treatment. When the source of pain involves musculoskeletal structures, chiropractors manually manipulate or adjust the spinal column. Many chiropractors also use water, light, massage, ultrasound, electric, and heat therapy and may apply supports such as straps, taping and braces. They may also counsel patients about wellness concepts such as nutrition, exercise, lifestyle changes, and stress management, but do not prescribe drugs or perform surgery. When appropriate, chiropractors consult with and refer patients to other health practitioners.

Some chiropractors specialize in orthopedics, sports injuries, neurology, nutrition, internal disorders, and/or diagnostic imaging. Chiropractic is considered an integral part of the back care team as noted in many guidelines published in this and other countries and many chiropractors have joined multidisciplinary spine care practices.